Final answer:
Topic sentences are typically avoided in paragraphs that reveal bad news, as a softer approach is better for sensitive information. Clarity and coherence in a paragraph are aided by supporting details and transitions, with visuals adding to the understanding if relevant. A topic sentence should guide the paragraph's content, with revisions made if it fails to do so effectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
Topic sentences are not recommended for paragraphs that reveal bad news. The reason is that topic sentences typically introduce the main idea of a paragraph, and in cases where bad news is being conveyed, a more nuanced approach is typically preferred to soften the impact. In situations requiring the communication of bad news, a writer might avoid placing the negative information at the forefront, instead building up to it with context or cushioning language.
For instance, in a classification paragraph, a topic sentence such as 'During the pandemic, essential workers not under quarantine included employees in the fields of health care, childcare, transportation, water and wastewater, and agriculture and food production,' sets a clear expectation for the paragraph's content, efficiently classifying the group of essential workers. However, directly stating bad news in a similar manner may not be appropriate or sensitive to the reader's reception of such information.
To ensure coherence and a unified theme across a paragraph, supporting details and transitional elements are crucial. Visuals and quantitative or qualitative data could reinforce the information provided, so long as they are relevant and contribute to the overall understanding of the topic. Should a topic sentence not sufficiently establish the validity or direction of the paragraph, revision may be necessary for clarity.