Final answer:
An effective argument essay must have a clear thesis, organized structure, and substantial evidence. The provided descriptions suggest the essay meets these standards to varying degrees, with some showing characteristics of an effective argument and others indicating areas needing improvement.
Step-by-step explanation:
An effective argument essay should have a few key characteristics, which include a clear thesis statement, comprehensive support for claims, a well-organized structure, and effective use of evidence and transitions. From the information provided, it seems that the essay adheres to these standards to varying degrees depending on which description applies. However, some descriptions suggest a lack of development in certain areas. For instance, if an essay 'may stray from its thesis statement' or has 'claims often lacking the support of additional quoted or paraphrased evidence', these are signs it may not be entirely effective.
An essay that 'presents all information clearly and logically' with 'claims fully supported with quoted or paraphrased evidence' and 'well-chosen transitions connect paragraphs and sections' is likely to be very effective. On the other hand, an essay where 'the organization is confusing', 'the transitions may be confusing or misleading', and 'the essay may stray from its thesis statement' will not be as persuasive or clear to the reader.
A strong introductory paragraph that 'introduces the issue', 'provides each of the arguments', 'refutes any counterpoints', and 'provides the thesis statement' is crucial for laying the foundation of a persuasive essay. If these elements are present and well-executed, along with a conclusion that effectively revisits the thesis, the essay is likely successful in its aim to persuade the reader.