Final answer:
The answer to the question is an 'Amortization Schedule,' which details payment allocation to principal and interest for each payment period.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the student's question is a) Amortization Schedule. An amortization schedule is a table that details each periodic payment on a loan, showing the amounts allocated to principal and interest and the remaining balance after each payment. Unlike a balance sheet, which lists a company's assets and liabilities at a single point in time, or an income statement that shows revenues and expenses over a period, an amortization schedule applies specifically to the breakdown of loan payments over time.