Final answer:
To sketch the Lewis structure of the given compounds: H2CO3, NaCl, CaCl2, NaOH, and NH4+, we need to determine the bonding and arrangement of atoms. H2CO3 has carbon bonded to two oxygen atoms and an additional oxygen atom bonded via a double bond. NaCl is an ionic compound with sodium donating an electron to chlorine. CaCl2 is another ionic compound where calcium donates two electrons to each chlorine atom. NaOH is also an ionic compound with sodium donating an electron to oxygen. NH4+ is an ammonium ion with nitrogen bonded to four hydrogen atoms.
Step-by-step explanation:
For each of the chemical compounds, we need to determine the Lewis structure:
a) H2CO3 - This compound is carbonic acid. The Lewis structure shows that carbon is bonded to two oxygen atoms through single bonds and has one additional oxygen atom bonded through a double bond. Hydrogen atoms are bonded to the carbon and oxygen atoms.
b) NaCl - Sodium chloride is an ionic compound. Sodium donates an electron to chlorine, resulting in the formation of a single bond.
c) CaCl2 - Calcium chloride is another ionic compound. Calcium donates two electrons to each chlorine atom, resulting in the formation of two single bonds.
d) NaOH - Sodium hydroxide is also an ionic compound. Sodium donates an electron to oxygen, resulting in the formation of a single bond. A hydrogen atom is bonded to the oxygen atom.
e) NH4+ - Ammonium ion consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms through single bonds.