Final answer:
China is often cited as a modern society in its golden age due to extraordinary economic growth and development since the 1980s. The United States continues to be a robust economy but is not currently experiencing a boom like China's. The concept of a 'golden age' is subjective and rooted in specific values emphasizing economic success.
Step-by-step explanation:
When it comes to assessing which modern society is considered to be in its golden age, it's important to look at various indicators of economic success. The term golden age typically refers to a period of significant growth and achievement within a society, often characterized by economic prosperity, cultural advancements, and social progress. In the context of the last few decades, the notion of a golden age aligns with strong economic development and increasing material wealth, which are values that are often emphasized in Euro-American societies.
China has experienced remarkable economic growth since market-oriented reforms began around 1980. The country's growth rates have frequently been in the range of 8% to 10% per year, which has rapidly transformed its economy. Conversely, the United States has maintained consistent growth, transitioning from an agrarian society to an industrial powerhouse and now a leader in the service, manufacturing, and technology sectors. Although the U.S. is not amidst an economic boom similar to that of China's recent growth, it is a developed nation with a strong technology sector and a robust economy.
Given the provided information, China could be considered as the society potentially experiencing a golden age due to its extraordinary economic growth and large-scale improvements over recent decades. This label, however, is subjective and based on the criteria of economic success that may not fully encompass other important societal measures.