Final answer:
Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is reported as mmol HbA1c divided by mmol of total haemoglobin and is used to monitor long-term control of diabetes mellitus. Galactosemia is due to the deficiency of galactose-1-P uridyl transferase, and the adequacy of dialysis is usually assessed by predialysis and postdialysis measurement of urea levels. Individuals with recent significant blood loss may have truly low values of HbA1c because the glucose stays attached to hemoglobin for the life of the red blood cell.
Step-by-step explanation:
Glycated haemoglobin, also known as HbA1c, is reported as mmol HbA1c divided by mmol of total haemoglobin. This measurement is used to monitor the long-term control of diabetes mellitus. HbA1c reflects the average blood glucose level over the past 4 months and is not influenced by short-term fluctuations in blood glucose concentrations.
Galactosemia is indeed due to the deficiency of galactose-1-P uridyl transferase. Individuals with a recent significant blood loss may have truly low values of HbA1c because the glucose stays attached to hemoglobin for the life of the red blood cell. The adequacy of dialysis is usually assessed by predialysis and postdialysis measurement of urea levels.
The fructosamine test, on the other hand, is not a measure of fructose concentration in the blood. It is a measure of glycated serum proteins and reflects average blood glucose levels over a shorter period of time, generally 2-3 weeks.