Final answer:
The definition of organizational structure is the formal relationships among jobs in an organization, corresponding with option B) Organizational Structure. Job analysis involves observing, surveying, and interviewing to understand a job's requirements, while polarization reflects the increasing divide in job levels within the labor market. Coercion to join is not a characteristic of bureaucracies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The definition of organizational structure is the formal relationships among jobs in an organization. This definition aligns with option B) Organizational Structure. An organizational structure outlines how certain activities are directed in order to achieve the goals of an organization. These activities can include rules, roles, and responsibilities. The organizational structure also determines how information flows between levels within the company. For instance, in a centralized structure, decisions flow from the top down, while in a decentralized structure, decision-making power is distributed among various levels of the organization.
Job analysis is a thorough examination of the actual responsibilities and requirements of a specific job within the organization. Through techniques like observation, surveys, and interviews, organizations gather data on what a job entails and what skills are required to perform it successfully. This is essential for effective hiring, training, and performance evaluation processes.
When it comes to the concept of polarization, it refers to the practice where differences between low-end and high-end jobs become greater and the number of people in the middle levels decreases, as per option A) polarization. It is a trend observed in the modern labor market, where there is a growing divide between highly skilled, well-paid positions and low-skilled, low-paid jobs, with fewer opportunities available for middle-income roles.
Considering bureaucracies, it is important to note that coercion to join is not a characteristic of bureaucracies, aligning with option A) Coercion to join. Bureaucratic organizations typically have a hierarchy of authority, explicit rules, and clearly defined division of labor, which helps in maintaining order and efficiency.