Final answer:
The three antioxidant enzyme systems that help reduce oxidative damage are catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Catalase and peroxidase break down hydrogen peroxide, while SOD catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion into less harmful substances.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the options provided, the three antioxidant enzyme systems that help reduce oxidative damage are: catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). These enzymes play a crucial role in protecting cells from the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase and peroxidase are hydroperoxidases and they are responsible for the destruction of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Catalase decomposes hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, while peroxidase uses an electron donor to convert hydrogen peroxide to water. Superoxide dismutase is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, which is then further reduced by catalase or peroxidase. These antioxidant enzymes are essential in the detoxification of ROS, which are a byproduct of aerobic respiration and can cause cellular damage if not regulated.