Final answer:
The undefined terms foundational in mathematics are Variables, Constants, Functions, and Expressions. Variables represent unknowns or changable values, constants are fixed values, functions describe relationships between variables, and expressions are combinations of these elements.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks about the undefined terms that are foundational in defining other terms in mathematics. The correct answer is (b) Variables; Constants, Functions, Expressions. In mathematics, variables are symbolically used to represent unknowns or values that can change, and they play a central role in the formulization of relationships. Constants are fixed values that do not change, like the number 2 or the value of pi. Functions are mathematical entities that describe a relationship between sets of numbers or variables. Lastly, expressions are combinations of variables, numbers, and operations that represent a value.
An example of a variable could be x in the equation x + 2 = 5, where x is the variable to be solved. A constant in this equation is the number 2, which does not change. The equation itself could be considered a function if we express it as f(x) = x + 2, defining a relationship between x (input) and the result (output), and the whole equation x + 2 is an expression.