Final answer:
Direct characterization is when an author explicitly describes a character, whereas indirect characterization shows a character's nature through various means such as actions and dialogue. The detail of a "cry-smile" indicates a character with complex emotions, adding depth. Third-person narration in Jane Austen's works allows for indirect characterization through direct speech and actions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The passage from Everyday Use is an example of direct characterization, as it is based on the narrator's description. Direct characterization occurs when the author explicitly describes a character. Here, Mama's character is conveyed straightforwardly through descriptions of her physical appearance, actions, and relationships. On the other hand, indirect characterization involves the portrayal of a character through their thoughts, actions, dialogue, and the reactions of other characters.
When a character is shown to have a "cry-smile," this detail enhances characterization by indicating a complex mixture of emotions, revealing a character who is capable of feeling deeply and responding to situations with nuanced emotions. This contributes to the character's depth and makes them more relatable and human to the reader.
In Northanger Abbey, Jane Austen uses third-person narration, showing characters like Mrs. Bennet through direct speech, which allows readers to draw their own conclusions about her attitudes and values. Such a method of characterization provides depth without explicitly revealing a character's inner thoughts.