Final answer:
Personality traits can influence the development and expression of disorders but are not the sole cause. Traits like neuroticism have been linked to higher risks for mental health issues, and certain personality characteristics can predispose individuals to disease. Diagnosis and classification of disorders consider such traits as important factors influencing mental health.
Step-by-step explanation:
Role of Personality Traits in Disorders
The question asks about the association between personality traits and disorders. The correct answer is c) Personality traits can influence the development and expression of disorders. This is because personality traits, which are enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, can shape the way an individual interacts with the world. These traits can predispose individuals to certain responses and behaviors that may contribute to the development or exacerbation of various disorders .For instance, traits such as neuroticism are associated with a greater risk for developing certain mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression. Significant distress or impairment caused by personality disorders is not the result of substance use or other medical conditions but is due to an enduring and inflexible pattern observed in the individual. Therefore, while personality traits are not the sole cause of disorders, they are one of the factors that can influence their onset and progression. Moreover, the diagnosis and classification of personality disorders have evolved over time, as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) published by the American Psychological Association. However, the link between personality traits and illness has been supported by research studies that indicate certain disease-prone personality characteristics, such as depression, anger, and anxiety, which can affect an individual's overall health and contribute to the development of disorders.