Final answer:
Insecure attachment has been linked to depression, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, thus the correct answer is 'All of the above'.
Step-by-step explanation:
Insecure attachment has been linked to various mental illnesses, including depression and anxiety disorders. Research has shown that mental illnesses can be exacerbated by insecure attachment patterns formed in early life. Depression is identified as a mental illness characterized by sustained low mood and loss of interest or pleasure, and it can often accompany feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness. Anxiety disorders represent a cluster of mental disorders characterized by significant anxiety and fear and can include conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and phobias.
While insecure attachment is more closely associated with depression and anxiety disorders, it can also contribute to the development of a range of other mental health conditions, including personality disorders. Mood disorders such as bipolar disorder and severe mental illnesses like schizophrenia have complex etiologies and can overlap with issues stemming from poor attachment. Therefore, the correct answer to the question of which mental illnesses insecure attachment has been linked to is d) All of the above.