Final answer:
The condition that must have existed during the second 10-year period is lower inflation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The condition that must have existed during the second 10-year period, when the Consumer Price Index (CPI) increased by only 70%, is lower inflation. When the CPI increases at a slower rate, it indicates that the general level of prices is rising at a slower pace. This means that there is lower inflation during the second 10-year period compared to the first 10-year period.