Final answer:
Plato's work, the Republic, advocates for a political ideal focused on harmony and efficiency, with society divided into three classes. The correct answer is e. 2 and 3 are correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Plato's renowned work, the Republic, he doesn't champion a state aimed at democracy and liberty. Rather, he proposes a political ideal where society is orchestrated for harmony and efficiency, and rulers are philosopher-kings with the wisdom to govern justly. Plato's political philosophy also includes the division of society into three classes based on the functions of the soul, which he believed would serve the interests of a well-ordered society.
Plato's ideas about governance revolve around the concept of an Aristocracy, which he defines as the rule of the best, based on merit and wisdom rather than inheritance.
Therefore, in the context of the multiple-choice question provided, the answer would be that Plato's political ideal was a state whose end was harmony and efficiency, and that the population should be divided into three classes. Hence, the correct option is e. 2 and 3 are correct.