Final answer:
Positive discipline is the method that emphasizes building a child's self-control and self-efficacy, aligning with the authoritative parenting style described by Diana Baumrind. It is the method that sets clear standards and provides support to nurture high self-esteem and social competence in children.
Step-by-step explanation:
The approach towards working with children that focuses on building a child's self-control and thus works with self-determination and self-efficacy is d. Positive discipline. Positive discipline is a parenting method that emphasizes the positive points of behavior, based on the idea that there are no bad children, just good and bad behaviors. You can teach and reinforce the good behaviors without punishing the bad.
Diana Baumrind's theory on parenting styles categorizes approaches to raising children into four main types: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved. Of these, the authoritative parenting style, which includes setting clear standards, being firm but responsive, and being very supportive, is closely aligned with the principles of positive discipline and is associated with high self-esteem and social competence in children.
The Montessori method and behaviorism are other approaches to child rearing and education. The Montessori method emphasizes independent learning and freedom within limits, while behaviorism utilizes reinforcement and punishment to shape behavior.