Final answer:
Edmund Spenser begins his poem with the story of Penelope to emphasize the theme of love and fidelity, providing a thematic anchor that resonates with the exploration of human emotions and morality in Renaissance poetry.
Step-by-step explanation:
The purpose of Edmund Spenser beginning his poem with a summary of the story of Penelope is B) To emphasize the theme of love and fidelity. The story of Penelope is a classical example of faithful love. In Renaissance poetry, this theme is fundamental as poets delved into the nature of love, using recognizable narratives to explore complex emotional and moral landscapes. By citing the tale of Penelope, Spenser aligns his work within this rich tradition, immediately signposting the reader to the enduring theme of love and its trials, as well as to the virtues of steadfastness and loyalty that are often celebrated in love poetry.
Poets of the sixteenth century, including Spenser, used the theme of love as a backdrop to probe deeper into the human condition, beyond superficial complaints of unrequited affection. Thus, the invocation of Penelope sets the tone for the poem, providing a familiar framework within which Spenser can examine broader aspects of human existence such as faithfulness, relationships, and personal identity. It's important to recognize that this reference provides not just context or a setting, but a thematic anchor that resonates through the entire composition.