Question

Compare solid, liquid, and gas based on the following properties: (i) shape and volume, (ii) force of attraction between particles. During the experiment of heating water to determine the boiling point of water, why does the temperature remain constant even though heat is supplied? Identify the physical state of water at 100°C.

a) Solid: Definite shape and volume, strong force of attraction; Liquid: Definite volume, no definite shape, weaker force of attraction; Gas: No definite shape or volume, weakest force of attraction. The temperature remains constant during the phase change from liquid to gas. Water is in the liquid state at 100°C.
b) Liquid: Definite volume, no definite shape, weaker force of attraction; Solid: Definite shape and volume, strong force of attraction; Gas: No definite shape or volume, weakest force of attraction. The temperature remains constant during the phase change from liquid to gas. Water is in the liquid state at 100°C.
c) Gas: No definite shape or volume, weakest force of attraction; Solid: Definite shape and volume, strong force of attraction; Liquid: Definite volume, no definite shape, weaker force of attraction. The temperature remains constant during the phase change from liquid to gas. Water is in the liquid state at 100°C.
d) Solid: Definite shape and volume, strong force of attraction; Gas: No definite shape or volume, weakest force of attraction; Liquid: Definite volume, no definite shape, weaker force of attraction. The temperature remains constant during the phase change from liquid to gas. Water is in the liquid state at 100°C.

Answer 1

Solids have a definite shape and volume, liquids have a definite volume but no definite shape, and gases have neither a definite shape nor volume. The temperature remains constant during the phase change from liquid to gas because the heat energy is used for breaking intermolecular bonds. Water is in the liquid state at 100°C.

Step-by-step explanation:

The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. A solid has a definite shape and volume, while a liquid has a definite volume but no definite shape. A gas has neither a definite shape nor volume. In terms of the force of attraction between particles, solids have the strongest force of attraction, liquids have a weaker force of attraction, and gases have the weakest force of attraction.

When heating water to determine the boiling point, the temperature remains constant even though heat is supplied because the heat energy is used to break the intermolecular bonds between water molecules. This phase change from liquid to gas requires a lot of energy, so the temperature does not increase until all the water has turned into steam.

Water is in the liquid state at 100°C, which is its boiling point at standard atmospheric pressure.