Final answer:
The type of function that would best fit a scatter plot for long-term data projections based on the end behavior is an exponential function. Transformations can play a role in fitting the data to an exponential function.
Step-by-step explanation:
To make a prediction for the behavior of a data set that extends beyond the existing data points, we can look at the end behavior of the scatter plot. Based on the end behavior, the type of function that would best fit the scatter plot for long-term data projections is an exponential function. An exponential function is characterized by its rapid growth or decay as it extends towards positive or negative infinity. Transformations can play a role in fitting the data to an exponential function, such as vertical and horizontal shifts, changes in amplitude, and reflections.