Final answer:
The British East India Company challenged the Mughal Empire in India.
Step-by-step explanation:
The presence of the British East India Company in India marked a significant new phase in history as it challenged the Mughal empire. The Mughal Empire was a powerful Muslim realm that once ruled over a vast territory in what is now Afghanistan, India, and Bangladesh. However, the British East India Company gradually gained control over India, defeating both the French forces and the Mughals themselves, ultimately leading to the establishment of direct British rule known as the British Raj.