Final answer:
After the exile of Charles I, Oliver Cromwell led England as a republic, but in 1660, Charles II was restored to the throne, ending the republic and establishing an Anglican Church.
Step-by-step explanation:
After the exile of Charles I and the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell led England as a republic during the period known as the Interregnum. England became a republic ruled by Parliament, a Council of State, and Oliver Cromwell as the Lord Protector. However, in 1660, Charles II was restored to the throne at the invitation of Parliament, ending the republic and establishing an Anglican Church. This period between the exile of Charles I and the restoration of Charles II is significant as it marked the transition from republic to monarchy in England.