Final answer:
Hippomenes won the race against Atalanta by using three golden apples to distract her, according to Greek mythology. The Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BCE led to the rise of Macedonian power in Greece under Philip II.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question regarding "The Golden Apples," in which Hippomenes wins the race against Atalanta, is true. In Greek mythology, Hippomenes, also known as Melanion, was able to win Atalanta's footrace by using three golden apples, which were given to him by the goddess Aphrodite. He used the apples to distract Atalanta during the race, securing his victory and her hand in marriage.
As for the battle between Philip of Macedon's forces and the allied armies of Athens and Thebes, it took place in 338 BCE at the Battle of Chaeronea. This decisive battle led to the fall of the Greek city-states and the rise of Macedonian hegemony in Greece under Philip II.