Answer:
**Behaviorists:**
1. **Learning Focus:** Behaviorists believe that learning is the result of external stimuli and responses. It emphasizes observable behaviors.
2. **Teaching Methodology:** Instruction involves stimulus-response associations, reinforcement, and conditioning. Repetition and reward play key roles.
3. **Role of Teacher:** The teacher is the authority figure who imparts knowledge. Instruction is typically structured, and assessment is often through observable outcomes.
4. **Knowledge Acquisition:** Learning is seen as the acquisition of correct responses through conditioning and reinforcement. It emphasizes rote memorization.
**Constructivism Theorists:**
1. **Learning Focus:** Constructivists argue that learning is an active process where individuals construct knowledge based on experiences and prior understanding.
2. **Teaching Methodology:** Emphasis on hands-on activities, problem-solving, and exploration. Learning is facilitated rather than directly instructed.
3. **Role of Teacher:** The teacher is a facilitator who guides students in their exploration. Collaboration and interaction are crucial in the learning process.
4. **Knowledge Acquisition:** Learning involves the construction of meaning by connecting new information to existing knowledge. Critical thinking and understanding are emphasized over memorization.
In summary, behaviorists emphasize external stimuli, observable behaviors, and teacher-directed learning, while constructivists focus on active learning, knowledge construction, and student-centered approaches.