Final answer:
Albert Bandura is the psychologist famously known for his contributions to observational learning, proposing the Social Learning Theory, which includes cognitive processes and goes beyond strict behaviorism.
Step-by-step explanation:
The psychologist most famously associated with observational learning is Albert Bandura. Bandura differed from behaviorists like John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner, who focused more on controlled laboratory studies and the direct reinforcement of behavior. Instead, Bandura proposed the Social Learning Theory, which included cognitive processes in explanations of learning. He asserted that people can learn through observing others, a process that does not necessarily require direct reinforcement. Bandura's research demonstrated that what is observed can influence behaviors, thoughts, and feelings, leading to both learning and personality development through processes such as reciprocal determinism and self-efficacy.