Final answer:
According to Charles's law, when the temperature of a gas is changed at constant pressure, the volume and temperature are inversely proportional. By using the equation V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂ and plugging in the given values, we find that the new volume is approximately 300 mL.
Step-by-step explanation:
To solve this problem, we can use Charles's law, which states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant pressure. We can express this relationship using the equation V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂, where V₁ is the initial volume, T₁ is the initial temperature, V₂ is the unknown volume, and T₂ is the new temperature.
Given that the initial volume is 312 mL and the initial temperature is 44°C (which is equivalent to 317 K), and the new temperature is 2°C (which is equivalent to 275 K), we can plug these values into the equation to solve for V₂:
V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂
312 mL / 317 K = V₂ / 275 K
Simplifying the equation, we find that V₂ is approximately 300 mL.
Therefore, the answer is C. 300 mL.