Final answer:
Organizational culture, functional organization structure, vertical differentiation of authority, and horizontal integrating mechanism are important aspects of achieving strategic advantage in organizations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Organizational culture refers to the values, beliefs, and norms that guide the behavior and attitudes of employees within an organization. It can influence how employees work together and make decisions.
Functional organization structure is a hierarchical structure that divides an organization into different departments based on functions or activities. Each department focuses on a specific area of expertise and works independently.
Vertical differentiation of authority refers to the levels of authority within an organization. It outlines the reporting relationships and the hierarchy of decision-making power.
Horizontal integrating mechanism refers to the coordination and collaboration between different departments or units within an organization. It aims to facilitate communication, information sharing, and joint problem-solving.