Final answer:
The 1986 executive order authorizing mandatory drug testing on employees raises questions about its constitutionality and effectiveness in combating drug use.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question is asking for an opinion on the 1986 executive order signed by President Reagan authorizing mandatory drug testing on newly hired or transferred employees. The executive order allowed agencies to conduct both inclusive and random drug testing, despite protests from employee unions who claim it violates the Fourth Amendment protection against unreasonable searches and seizures. It is important to note that the legality and constitutionality of mandatory drug testing have been subject to various court cases and Supreme Court rulings.In the case of New Jersey v. T. L. O., the Supreme Court ruled that the Fourth Amendment's ban on unreasonable searches applies to public school officials, but they can use a less strict standard of reasonable suspicion instead of probable cause. Another case, Vernonia School District v. Acton, ruled that schools may implement random drug testing on students participating in school-sponsored athletics.The debate surrounding mandatory drug testing involves considerations of privacy rights, public safety, and the effectiveness of such measures in combating drug use. It is a complex issue with differing arguments and perspectives.