Question

the temperature in the slowest-heating region (center) of the can was measured giving the following time-temperature data for the heating and holding time. The cooling time data will be neglected as a safety factor. The Fo value of Cl. Botulinum is 2.45 min and z is 18 ∘ F. Calculated the Fo value of the process above and determine if the sterilization is adequate. Solution: In order to use Eq. (X), the values of 10 (T−250)/z must be calculated for each time.

Answer 1

To determine the time needed for a surgical cauterizer to raise the temperature of tissue and boil water, calculate the heat transfer using specific heat capacities and latent heat of vaporization, and divide it by the power output of the cauterizer.

Step-by-step explanation:

To determine the time needed for a surgical cauterizer to raise the temperature of 1.00 g of tissue from 37.0°C to 100°C and then boil away 0.500 g of water, we can use the equations for heat transfer and the specific heat capacities of tissue and water.

1. Calculate the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of the tissue using the equation Q = mcΔT, where Q is the heat transfer, m is the mass, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
2. Calculate the amount of heat needed to boil the water using the equation Q = mL, where Q is the heat transfer, m is the mass, and L is the latent heat of vaporization of water.
3. Add the two amounts of heat to get the total heat transfer, and divide it by the power output of the surgical cauterizer, which is given by P = IV, where P is the power, I is the current, and V is the voltage.

By performing these calculations, you can determine the time needed for the surgical cauterizer to achieve the desired temperature and boil the water.