Final answer:
The passage discusses proposals to improve the effectiveness of schools by altering the incentives they face.
Step-by-step explanation:
The passage is about the different proposals to alter the incentives that schools face in order to improve their effectiveness. Some of these proposals include testing students regularly, rewarding teachers or schools that perform well on tests, requiring additional teacher training, allowing students to choose between public schools, allowing teachers and parents to start new schools, and giving students vouchers to pay tuition at either public or private schools.