Final answer:
The arrow labeled "5 m/s" showing speed and direction is known as a vector. A vector is a quantity having both magnitude and direction, such as velocity and acceleration.
Step-by-step explanation:
The arrow labeled "5 m/s" that shows both the speed and direction of the ball is called a vector. Vectors are a fundamental concept in physics that are used to represent any quantity that has both a magnitude and a direction. For example, if a ball is moving at a speed of 5 m/s to the right, this information can be represented by a vector where the length of the arrow indicates the magnitude (5 m/s) and the direction of the arrow (to the right) represents the direction of the ball's movement. Vectors are represented graphically by arrows, with the length of the arrow being proportional to the magnitude of the vector and the direction the arrow points indicating the direction of the vector.
Considering the provided information, the rate of change of velocity is known as acceleration, which is also a vector quantity because it includes both magnitude and direction. For instance, acceleration can be positive or negative, indicating whether the object is speeding up or slowing down in a given direction. If a particle has a velocity v(1 s) = 15 m/s which is positive, and a positive acceleration a(1 s) = 10 m/s², it means that both velocity and acceleration are in the same direction, and as a result, the particle's speed is increasing.