Final answer:
Foods' carbohydrates are measured by digesting them into monosaccharides, which the body absorbs, and by calculating the food's calorific value in calories. Absorption is efficient in the small intestine, and a well-balanced diet includes the right balance of macronutrients for energy storage and health.
Step-by-step explanation:
The measure of a food's carbohydrates and the rate at which the body absorbs them are determined by the digestion of carbohydrates into monosaccharides and by measuring the calorific value of foods in calories.
Carbohydrates are absorbed in the form of monosaccharides such as glucose and galactose, which use protein carriers for secondary active transport, and fructose, which is absorbed by facilitated diffusion alone. The small intestine can absorb monosaccharides at a rate of approximately 120 grams per hour. Dietary carbohydrates are measured in calories, with each gram of carbohydrate providing roughly 4.3 Kcal. When consumed and digested, carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which can be used immediately for energy or stored in the liver and muscles.
The body needs energy from food, which includes carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, with the energy provided by these macronutrients varying. Carbohydrates, when accompanied by proteins, vitamins, and fats, contribute to a well-balanced diet. However, excess consumption leads to storage of energy as fats, impacting health. It's important to have a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean meat along with exercise and water for a healthy lifestyle and weight management.