Final answer:
The F₁ generation of the cross between a homozygous short, green, wrinkled pea plant and a homozygous tall, yellow, smooth pea plant will all exhibit dominant traits: tall stems, green pods, and smooth seeds.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the given genetics scenario, a homozygous short, green, wrinkled pea plant (ttGgss) is crossed with a homozygous tall, yellow, smooth pea plant (TTYYSS). Since tall (T), yellow (Y), and smooth (S) traits are dominant over their recessive counterparts, all F₁ offspring will display these dominant traits.
The F₁ generation will all be heterozygous (TtYySs) exhibiting tall stems, green pods, and smooth seeds. This is because the offspring will get a dominant allele (T, Y, S) from the tall, yellow, smooth plant and a recessive allele (t, g, s) from the short, green, wrinkled plant. As the dominant traits mask the recessive ones, the phenotypes of the offspring in the F₁ generation will reflect the dominant traits only.
To determine the appearance of the F₁ generation, we need to analyze the possible combinations of alleles from the two parent plants. The homozygous short, green, wrinkled pea plant can be represented as ttggss, while the homozygous tall, yellow, smooth pea plant can be represented as TTGGSS. Crossing these two plants will result in the F₁ generation having the genotype TtGgSs. The appearance of the F₁ generation will be tall stem, green pods, and smooth seeds.