Final answer:
George W. Plunkitt described 'honest graft' as using insider knowledge of government plans, like the creation of a park, to personally profit from property investments in the area. He argued that it was honest business, distinguishing it from outright corruption. This practice was common among political machines like Tammany Hall during the Gilded Age.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding 'Honest Graft' According to George W. Plunkitt
George W. Plunkitt, a politician associated with New York's Tammany Hall political organization, described 'honest graft' as the use of one's political position or access to inside information for personal enrichment, in a manner that is not illegal. He distinguished it from outright corruption like bribery or embezzlement.
In his view, 'honest graft' involved foreseeing where the government would invest next, such as in new parks or infrastructure, buying property at those locations, and then selling it at a higher price due to the increased value resulting from the government's investment. This practice relied on insider knowledge and the ability to influence decisions that could benefit oneself financially.
Political machines like Tammany Hall and individuals like Plunkitt became known for their manipulation of public projects and resources for personal gain during the Gilded Age. Despite the moral and ethical implications, Plunkitt rationalized his actions as smart business, equating his foresight to that of a skilled entrepreneur, and considering the profits he made as just rewards for his initiative.
The phenomenon of 'honest graft' was indicative of widespread political corruption during the Gilded Age, including election manipulation, bribery, and kickbacks. Reformers of the Progressive Era sought to tackle these issues and reduce the influence of political machines and 'boss' politics.