Final answer:
Potential side effects of sulfonamides include allergic reactions, gastrointestinal issues, headaches, dizziness, photosensitivity, and hematological effects.
Step-by-step explanation:
If Dr. Merry prescribes sulfonamides for Mary, she should be aware of several potential side effects. Sulfonamides can cause allergic reactions ranging from mild rashes to severe cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia are also common. Other possible side effects include headache, dizziness, photosensitivity (increased sensitivity to sunlight), and, less commonly, hematological effects such as agranulocytosis and hemolytic anemia.
Sulfonamides may also lead to crystalluria (crystalline precipitates in urine), which calls for adequate hydration to prevent kidney stones. Moreover, it's essential to note that by disrupting the normal microbiota, antibiotics like sulfonamides can sometimes pave the way for secondary infections, such as a yeast infection, as they eliminate both harmful and beneficial bacteria.
Patient education about these potential adverse effects is vital, as well as the importance of following the prescribed dosage regimen and maintaining proper hydration to minimize the risks. Should any unusual or severe symptoms occur, it's crucial for the patient to contact their healthcare provider promptly.