Final answer:
The reaction of sulfuric acid with calcium carbonate in limestone and marble is given by the equation: CaCO3(s) + H2SO4(aq) → CaSO4(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g). This represents the damaging effect of acid rain on such structures.
Step-by-step explanation:
The equation showing the effect of sulfuric acid on limestone and marble, which both consist of calcium carbonate, is as follows:
CaCO3(s) + H2SO4(aq) → CaSO4(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
This chemical reaction represents the classic acid-base interaction where sulfuric acid reacts with calcium carbonate, resulting in the formation of calcium sulfate, water, and carbon dioxide gas. When acid rain containing sulfuric acid comes in contact with limestone or marble buildings and sculptures, it can cause significant damage by dissolving the calcium carbonate over time.
This reaction is a classic acid-base reaction where the strong acid, sulfuric acid, reacts with the weak acid, calcium carbonate, to form calcium sulfate, water, and carbon dioxide. As a result, the limestone or marble dissolves, leading to damage in buildings and sculptures made from these materials. The damage is caused by the dissolution of the calcium carbonate due to the reaction with sulfuric acid.