Question

Write equations that show the processes that describe the first, second, and third ionization energies for a gaseous gadolinium atom. express your answers as chemical equations separated by commas. identify all of the phases in your answer. activate to select the appropriates template from the following choices. operate up and down arrow for selection and press enter to choose the input value typeactivate to select the appropriates symbol from the following choices. operate up and down arrow for selection and press enter to choose the input value type

Answer 1

The first, second, and third ionization energies of gaseous gadolinium involve the sequential removal of electrons, with each step requiring progressively more energy due to increased nuclear attraction and the ion's positive charge.

Step-by-step explanation:

To write the chemical equations for the first, second, and third ionization energies of a gaseous gadolinium (Ga) atom, we need to express the removal of each electron step by step. Here are the equations:

• Ga(g) → Gaⁱ⁺(g) + e⁻ (I₁)
• Gaⁱ⁺(g) → Ga²⁺(g) + e⁻ (I₂)
• Ga²⁺(g) → Ga³⁺(g) + e⁻ (I₃)

Each equation represents the process of removing one electron, starting from a gaseous neutral Ga atom to form the Gaⁱ⁺ ion (first ionization energy, I₁), then removing a second electron to form the Ga²⁺ ion (second ionization energy, I₂), and finally, removing a third electron to form the Ga³⁺ ion (third ionization energy, I₃). In each step, the ion becomes more positively charged, increasing the amount of energy required to remove the next electron due to two main reasons: the increased nuclear attraction for the remaining electrons and the positive charge of the ion that electron is being removed from.