Final answer:
In 1964, activists Fannie Lou Hamer, Ella Baker, and Robert Parris Moses founded the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party in response to racial disenfranchisement, challenging the all-white Mississippi delegation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Activists Fannie Lou Hamer, Ella Baker, and Robert Parris Moses organized the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) during the Mississippi voter registration drives in 1964 as a direct response to the disenfranchisement of African American voters by the white-controlled Democratic Party of Mississippi. The formation of the MFDP challenged the legitimacy of the all-white Mississippi delegation at the 1964 Democratic National Convention, spotlighting the systemic racism and violence African Americans faced while attempting to register to vote.
Despite the significant opposition and only token recognition at the convention, the actions of the MFDP and its leaders like Hamer brought national attention to the civil rights struggle and contributed to the eventual passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which enforced federal supervision of voter registration and elections in areas with a history of racial discrimination.