Final answer:
The term that describes how much an employee feels valued within a group is 'inclusion.' Inclusion differs from affirmative action, which focuses on policies to provide equal opportunities for historically disadvantaged groups.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term used to describe the degree to which an employee feels like an esteemed member of a group is c. inclusion. This concept is central to understanding group dynamics within a workplace or organization. Inclusion represents the experience of being included and valued within a group, contributing to a positive work environment where diversity is embraced and individuals are empowered to participate fully. On the opposite end, exclusion refers to the feeling of being left out or marginalized, which can negatively impact both the individual and the organization's overall health.
Important to note, that affirmative action is often confused with inclusion but refers specifically to policies and actions designed to address historical inequalities and provide opportunities to underrepresented groups. The goal of affirmative action policies is to ensure fair access to employment and educational opportunities, making deliberate efforts to provide equal opportunities for all.