Final answer:
The experiment setup involves adding heat to a sample of ice, causing its temperature to rise until it melts, while the temperature of the water remains constant at 0°C during the phase change. The time taken to melt ice compared to the time taken for water to boil is determined by the amount of heat added, not by the change in temperature.
Step-by-step explanation:
The scientist is performing an experiment to determine the amount of time it would take to melt ice compared to the amount of time it would take for water to boil. The experiment setup involves adding heat to a sample of ice, which causes the temperature to rise linearly from -20°C to 0°C. At 0°C, the ice starts melting until all of it has melted, absorbing 79.8 cal/g of heat. The temperature remains constant at 0°C during this phase change. Once all the ice has melted, the temperature of the liquid water increases at a constant rate of 1.00 cal/g°C. At 100°C, the water starts boiling and the temperature remains constant.
It is important to note that during a phase change, the temperature of a system does not change. A small amount of ice will keep the temperature at 0°C during the melting process, and a small amount of liquid water will keep the temperature at 100°C during the boiling process. The rate at which heat is added does not affect the temperature, as it is used to overcome the attractive forces between molecules in the more condensed phase. Increasing the heat does not make the water boil faster, but rather leads to the water boiling dry sooner without affecting its temperature.
Thus, the experiment will show that the time taken to melt ice compared to the time taken for water to boil is determined by the amount of heat added, not by the change in temperature.