Final answer:
Satire in English literature often targets the upper class and societal norms, exposing their flaws and absurdities through humor and exaggeration.
Step-by-step explanation:
Satire is a literary technique that uses humor, exaggeration, and ridicule to expose human ignorance and vice. In English literature, there are two facets of society that are often satirized: the upper class and societal norms. Let's explore each facet with textual details:
1. Upper Class
The upper class is often satirized for their pompous behavior, decadent lifestyle, and hypocrisy. For example, in Oscar Wilde's play 'The Importance of Being Earnest,' the character Lady Bracknell represents the stereotypical upper-class snob. Wilde uses humor and exaggeration to highlight the ridiculousness of her character.
2. Societal Norms
Satire also targets societal norms that are deemed ridiculous or oppressive. In Jonathan Swift's 'Gulliver's Travels,' he satirizes various social institutions and practices. One prominent example is his critique of the British government in the form of the fictional land of Lilliput, where petty disputes over trivial matters are blown out of proportion.
Overall, satire in English literature often aims to expose the flaws and absurdities of the upper class and societal norms. Through humor and exaggeration, these satirical works provide a critical commentary on English society.