Final answer:
Catherine the Great disagreed with Enlightenment thinker Jean-Jacques Rousseau's conservative views on women's education and roles, aligning more with progressive ideas of the time.
Step-by-step explanation:
Catherine the Great disagreed with the Enlightenment thinker Jean-Jacques Rousseau, particularly on his views regarding women's education and social roles. While some Enlightenment thinkers like Locke supported women's increased access to education, Rousseau believed women were naturally subordinate to men and belonged in the domestic space. Catherine the Great, an enlightened despot of Russia, held contrasting views, particularly influenced by the time she spent with French intellectuals.
She corresponded with Voltaire and Diderot and seemed to agree with many Enlightenment ideas, but her approach towards women's education and roles was more progressive than Rousseau's. Catherine's patronage of the arts and education, and her partial legal reforms, reflect her alignment with certain Enlightenment principles but conflict with Rousseau's conservative views on gender.