Final answer:
The d. historian conducting interviews with individuals who lived through a historical event is the one gathering oral history, which provides personal insights that written sources might not capture.
Step-by-step explanation:
The historian who is collecting oral history is the one conducting interviews with individuals who lived through a historical event. Analyzing manuscripts, studying prehistoric artifacts, and examining government documents from the 19th century are other methods of historical research, but they do not involve collecting oral histories. Oral history is the collection and study of historical information about individuals, families, important events, or everyday life using audiotapes, videotapes, or transcriptions of planned interviews. These are conducted with people who can provide first-hand accounts of past events, giving us insight into personal experiences and social perspectives that are often absent from written sources.
The historian who is collecting oral history is option (d) A historian conducting interviews with individuals who lived through a historical event. Oral history is the collection and study of historical information by interviewing individuals who have firsthand experiences and knowledge of the events being studied. These interviews are recorded and preserved for future generations to understand and learn from.