Final answer:
Cases where the U.S. government is a party are a. always heard in federal court, addressing matters involving federal questions, a federal party, foreign governments, diverse citizenships, or disputes exceeding $75,000.
Step-by-step explanation:
When the U.S. government is a party to a legal case, it is typically not heard in a state court. Instead, such cases are usually heard in federal court. This includes matters that involve a federal question, which incorporates the Constitution, federal laws or treaties, or when there is a 'federal party' involved such as the U.S. government itself.
State courts handle a majority of cases in the United States, focusing on state laws and civil matters, but federal courts reserve jurisdiction for specific scenarios including cases with a foreign government, federal law violations, or disputes involving interstate commerce, among others. In matters of 'diversity of citizenship', where the parties are from different states or a party is from another nation and the claimed damages exceed $75,000, the case is also heard in federal court. Therefore, cases in which the U.S. government is a party are always heard in a federal court.