Final answer:
The student's question concerns John C. Calhoun and another South Carolinian who supported nullification during the tariff debates of 1828.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question asks which fellow South Carolinian, alongside John C. Calhoun, argued for the nullification of national laws during the debate over the 1828 tariff law. Although the blank is not filled in with a specific name in the provided reference material, the historical context suggests it could be referring to Robert Y. Hayne, who was involved in a famous debate over states' rights and nullification with Daniel Webster. Calhoun was a strong proponent of nullification, which was the idea that states had the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law they deemed unconstitutional. During the nullification crisis, Calhoun, then Vice President under Andrew Jackson, secretly penned the 'South Carolina Exposition and Protest' against the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832. This document articulated the doctrine of nullification and played a significant role in the crisis that followed, which included South Carolina's Ordinance of Nullification and led to the Force Bill and the Compromise Tariff of 1833.
Both Calhoun and the unnamed South Carolinian believed in protecting state sovereignty and saw nullification as a way to counteract the imposed tariffs that were harming the Southern economy. The nullification crisis put these ideas to the test and led to a tense standoff with the federal government, concluding with a compromise that saw a gradual reduction in tariffs.