Final answer:
Historical evidence contradicting Kaplan's deterministic view of geography can be seen in Japan's rapid industrialization and expansion despite its geographic limitations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question seems to refer to a request for historical evidence that would contradict a theory or position held by Robert D. Kaplan. Kaplan is known for his geopolitical analyses and theories which sometimes offer a deterministic view of certain regions and their historical developments.
An example of historical evidence that contradicts Kaplan's views may relate to his thesis in 'The Revenge of Geography,' where he suggests geography is a crucial determinant of a state's political fate. A counterexample to this could be the development of the Japanese Empire leading up to the 20th century. Despite Japan's geographic limitations as an island nation with limited natural resources, it rapidly industrialized and expanded its influence, directly challenging the idea that geography is destiny.
This shows that human agency and technological innovation can overcome geographic constraints, indicating that Kaplan's emphasis on geography as a deterministic factor is not always consistent with historical outcomes.