Final answer:
The types of inheritance based on allele expression are dominant inheritance (presence of a single allele), recessive inheritance (presence of two alleles), and multiple alleles inheritance (presence of many alleles in the population).
Step-by-step explanation:
Types of inheritance based on the expression of alleles are:
- Dominant inheritance: It is characterized by the presence of a single allele for the trait to be expressed. Affected individuals will have at least one dominant allele and can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous.
- Recessive inheritance: This type involves the presence of two alleles for the trait to be expressed. All affected individuals will be homozygous recessive, meaning they inherit the recessive allele from both parents.
- Multiple alleles inheritance: This occurs when a presence of many alleles for the trait to be expressed exists within the population, though an individual can carry only two of these alleles.
An organism's observable traits are its phenotype, while the genetic makeup is the genotype. Dominant alleles will mask recessive alleles in heterozygous pairings, resulting in the dominant trait's expression. However, multiple alleles reflect a greater diversity within a population that exceeds simple dominant-recessive dynamics.