Final answer:
The command-and-control policy involves direct regulation and would be the predetermined technology use approach. Cap and trade is market-based, permitting trading of emission permits, while a carbon tax directly prices emissions. Factors influencing U.S. policy adoption include political, economic, and societal pressures.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of the question is the comparison between two regulatory strategies for reducing carbon emissions from manufacturing industries: cap and trade and carbon tax. When comparing a policy of using only predetermined technologies (command-and-control policy) and a policy of subsidizing cleaner technologies, the former is the command-and-control approach. It involves direct regulation of what technologies can be used. The latter, which offers subsidies, is more of a market-based approach, incentivizing companies to adopt cleaner technologies without mandating specific ones. The cap and trade system, another market-based strategy, differs from a carbon tax in that it sets a limit on emissions and allows companies to buy and trade permits. considering U.S. policy adoption , many factors , many factors influence this decision , including political , economic , and social pressures . The cap and trade system has been implemented in some region such California, and could be seen as , more market - friendly , which might Aling with American economic principles.