Final answer:
During transcription, DNA is transcribed into mRNA. This mRNA then carries the genetic instructions to ribosomes for protein synthesis. The process of translation reads the mRNA to assemble amino acids into a protein.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question on transcription is C. DNA is transcribed into mRNA.
In the process of transcription, a segment of DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of an RNA sequence, specifically, messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA then carries the genetic information necessary for protein synthesis from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm, where translation occurs. The translation process reads the genetic information on the mRNA strand to string together amino acids into a protein, following the instructions originally transcribed from DNA. RNA polymerase is the primary enzyme involved in transcription.
It's important to note that during protein synthesis, transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome based on the sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA, while ribosomal RNA (rRNA) makes up part of the structure of ribosomes, where proteins are assembled. The order of amino acids in a protein is determined by the sequence of a set of three nucleotides, known as a codon, on the mRNA.