Final answer:
The CNS pathway crucial for the vestibulo-ocular reflex is the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), which integrates the vestibular system with the eye movement nuclei for conjugate gaze and image stabilization on the retina.
Step-by-step explanation:
The CNS pathway responsible for coordinating the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), which ensures that images are stabilized on the retina as the head and body move, involves a circuit that ties the vestibular system with the eye movement nuclei through the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF). This coordination involves the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nuclei, which are connected to the vestibular system and manage the movement of the eyes to compensate for head movement. The MLF is crucial for conjugate gaze, or the simultaneous movement of the eyes in the same direction, which is necessary during horizontal eye movements controlled by the lateral and medial rectus muscles.