Final answer:
The process where the ribosome moves to the next codon after a peptide bond has formed is known as translocation, a crucial step in the elongation phase of protein translation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The movement of the ribosome to the next codon that occurs after the peptidyl transfer reaction is called translocation.
During the elongation stage of translation, translocation involves the ribosome moving along the mRNA by one codon, which is a distance of three nucleotides towards the 3' end. This movement requires elongation factor-G (EF-G), also known as translocase, which helps in GTP hydrolysis. As a result, the newly formed dipeptide is shifted from the A-site to the P-site on the ribosome, and the uncharged tRNA is released into the cytosol. The next mRNA codon is then positioned in the A-site, ready for the arrival of the next charged tRNA.