Final answer:
A 4-year-old child should display development of the superego, as they are in Piaget's preoperational stage, not yet capable of concrete operational thought or conservation. Separation anxiety is more typical in younger children and decreases by preschool age. Children this age refine their moral understanding influenced by societal norms, aligned with the beginning stages of Kohlberg's theory.
Step-by-step explanation:
When considering the cognitive and psychosocial development of a 4-year-old child, according to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the appropriate expectation would be B. development of superego. At this age, children are in Piaget's preoperational stage of development, which ranges from approximately 2 to 7 years old, where symbolic thinking is present, but the child is not yet capable of concrete operational thought or conservation. Separation anxiety is more characteristic of a younger child, around the age of a toddler, and generally diminishes significantly by the preschool years.
In the context of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory, it is also important to note that children in the preschool age range begin to consider what society deems as moral and immoral, linked to the development of the superego as identified by Freud's stages of psychosexual development.
Regarding cognitive abilities, a 4-year-old's consistent pattern of thought and behavior will demonstrate abilities such as using a tripod grasp to hold a crayon, asking numerous questions, and having intelligible speech. However, they are not yet at the stage of abstract thought and reasoning that characterizes the formal operational stage, which begins around age 11.